数据接口

我调用的资源来源于：中国气象局-天气预报

寻找接口

首先进入该网站，F12进入开发者工具，选择网络->Fetch/XHR，然后在搜索框随便搜索一个城市。

出现了三个地址。分别点进去看看，发现第一个就是我们需要的数据。

这个接口是怎么调用的呢，比如北京和成都分别对应54511和56294，所以可能是一个城市对应一个号码。

# 北京
https://weather.cma.cn/api/now/54511

# 成都
https://weather.cma.cn/api/now/56294

所以我通过百度找到了全国城市对应的天气编码，格式化成了一个字典。里面包含了全国绝大多数地级市，但是没有县级城市。

city_code = {
    "澳门": 45011,
    "大兴安岭": 50442,
    "黑河": 50468,
    "齐齐哈尔": 50745,
    "伊春": 50774,
    "鹤岗": 50775,
    "绥化": 50853,
    "佳木斯": 50873,
    "双鸭山": 50884,
    "白城": 50936,
    "哈尔滨": 50953,
    "七台河": 50973,
    "鸡西": 50978,
    "阿勒泰": 51076,
    "塔城": 51133,
    "博州": 51238,
    "克拉玛依": 51243,
    "石河子": 51356,
    "昌吉": 51368,
    "伊宁": 51431,
    "乌鲁木齐": 51463,
    "吐鲁番": 51573,
    "阿克苏": 51628,
    "巴州": 51656,
    "克州": 51704,
    "喀什": 51709,
    "和田": 51828,
    "哈密": 52203,
    "酒泉": 52533,
    "张掖": 52652,
    "金昌": 52675,
    "武威": 52679,
    "西宁": 52866,
    "平安县": 52875,
    "兰州": 52889,
    "白银": 52896,
    "同仁县": 52974,
    "临夏": 52984,
    "定西": 52995,
    "包头": 53446,
    "呼和浩特": 53463,
    "大同": 53487,
    "乌海": 53512,
    "石嘴山": 53518,
    "朔州": 53578,
    "吴忠": 53612,
    "银川": 53614,
    "榆林": 53646,
    "忻州": 53674,
    "石家庄": 53698,
    "太原": 53772,
    "阳泉": 53782,
    "邢台": 53798,
    "固原": 53817,
    "延安": 53845,
    "临汾": 53868,
    "长治": 53882,
    "邯郸": 53892,
    "安阳": 53898,
    "平凉": 53915,
    "铜川": 53947,
    "运城": 53959,
    "晋城": 53976,
    "济源": 53978,
    "焦作": 53982,
    "新乡": 53986,
    "鹤壁": 53990,
    "牡丹江": 54094,
    "通辽": 54135,
    "四平": 54157,
    "长春": 54161,
    "吉林": 54172,
    "赤峰": 54218,
    "阜新": 54237,
    "铁岭": 54249,
    "辽源": 54260,
    "锦州": 54337,
    "盘锦": 54338,
    "鞍山": 54339,
    "沈阳": 54342,
    "本溪": 54346,
    "辽阳": 54347,
    "通化": 54363,
    "白山": 54371,
    "张家口": 54401,
    "承德": 54423,
    "秦皇岛": 54449,
    "葫芦岛": 54453,
    "营口": 54471,
    "丹东": 54497,
    "北京": 54511,
    "廊坊": 54515,
    "天津": 54527,
    "唐山": 54534,
    "保定": 54602,
    "沧州": 54616,
    "大连": 54662,
    "衡水": 54702,
    "德州": 54714,
    "滨州": 54734,
    "东营": 54736,
    "烟台": 54765,
    "威海": 54774,
    "香港": 45005,
    "聊城": 54806,
    "济南": 54823,
    "泰安": 54827,
    "莱芜": 54828,
    "淄博": 54830,
    "潍坊": 54843,
    "青岛": 54857,
    "濮阳": 54900,
    "菏泽": 54906,
    "济宁": 54915,
    "临沂": 54938,
    "日照": 54945,
    "噶尔县": 55437,
    "日喀则": 55578,
    "拉萨": 55591,
    "合作": 56080,
    "昌都县": 56137,
    "绵阳": 56196,
    "德阳": 56198,
    "雅安": 56287,
    "成都": 56294,
    "资阳": 56298,
    "林芝县": 56312,
    "乐山": 56386,
    "眉山": 56391,
    "自贡": 56396,
    "宜宾": 56492,
    "昭通": 56586,
    "丽江": 56651,
    "攀枝花": 56666,
    "六盘水": 56693,
    "保山": 56748,
    "大理": 56751,
    "楚雄": 56768,
    "昆明": 56778,
    "曲靖": 56783,
    "玉溪": 56875,
    "临沧县": 56951,
    "思茅": 56964,
    "文山县": 56994,
    "天水": 57006,
    "宝鸡": 57016,
    "西安": 57036,
    "渭南": 57045,
    "咸阳": 57048,
    "三门峡": 57051,
    "洛阳": 57073,
    "郑州": 57083,
    "许昌": 57089,
    "开封": 57091,
    "南阳": 57178,
    "漯河": 57186,
    "周口": 57195,
    "广元": 57206,
    "安康": 57245,
    "襄樊": 57278,
    "驻马店": 57290,
    "信阳": 57297,
    "巴中": 57313,
    "达州": 57328,
    "荆门": 57377,
    "随州": 57381,
    "遂宁": 57405,
    "南充": 57411,
    "广安": 57415,
    "恩施": 57447,
    "宜昌": 57461,
    "荆州": 57476,
    "孝感": 57482,
    "武汉": 57494,
    "鄂州": 57496,
    "黄冈": 57498,
    "重庆": 57516,
    "大庸": 57558,
    "岳阳": 57584,
    "咸宁": 57590,
    "常德": 57662,
    "益阳": 57674,
    "长沙": 57687,
    "毕节": 57707,
    "遵义": 57713,
    "铜仁": 57741,
    "怀化": 57749,
    "娄底": 57763,
    "邵阳": 57766,
    "湘潭": 57773,
    "株洲": 57780,
    "萍乡": 57786,
    "宜春": 57793,
    "新余": 57796,
    "安顺": 57806,
    "贵阳": 57816,
    "凯里": 57825,
    "都匀": 57827,
    "衡阳": 57872,
    "桂林": 57957,
    "郴州": 57972,
    "赣州": 57993,
    "商丘": 58005,
    "枣庄": 58024,
    "徐州": 58027,
    "连云港": 58044,
    "亳州": 58102,
    "淮北": 58116,
    "宿州": 58122,
    "宿迁": 58131,
    "淮安": 58145,
    "盐城": 58151,
    "阜阳": 58203,
    "蚌埠": 58221,
    "淮南": 58224,
    "滁州": 58236,
    "南京": 58238,
    "扬州": 58245,
    "泰州": 58246,
    "镇江": 58248,
    "南通": 58259,
    "六安": 58311,
    "合肥": 58321,
    "巢湖": 58326,
    "芜湖": 58334,
    "马鞍山": 58336,
    "常州": 58343,
    "无锡": 58354,
    "苏州": 58357,
    "上海": 58362,
    "黄石": 58407,
    "安庆": 58424,
    "池州": 58427,
    "铜陵": 58429,
    "宣城": 58433,
    "湖州": 58450,
    "嘉兴": 58452,
    "绍兴": 58453,
    "杭州": 58457,
    "舟山": 58477,
    "九江": 58502,
    "景德镇": 58527,
    "金华": 58549,
    "南昌": 58606,
    "抚州": 58617,
    "鹰潭": 58627,
    "衢州": 58633,
    "丽水": 58646,
    "温州": 58659,
    "台州": 58660,
    "三明": 58828,
    "南平": 58834,
    "宁德": 58846,
    "福州": 58847,
    "龙岩": 58927,
    "莆田": 58946,
    "河池地区": 59023,
    "柳州": 59046,
    "贺州地区": 59065,
    "韶关": 59082,
    "漳州": 59126,
    "泉州": 59131,
    "厦门": 59134,
    "百色": 59211,
    "来宾": 59242,
    "贵港": 59249,
    "梧州": 59265,
    "肇庆": 59278,
    "清远": 59280,
    "广州": 59287,
    "佛山": 59288,
    "东莞": 59289,
    "河源": 59293,
    "潮州": 59312,
    "揭阳": 59315,
    "汕头": 59316,
    "崇左": 59425,
    "玉林": 59453,
    "云浮": 59471,
    "中山": 59485,
    "珠海": 59488,
    "深圳": 59493,
    "汕尾": 59501,
    "高雄": 59554,
    "钦州": 59632,
    "防城港": 59635,
    "北海": 59644,
    "湛江": 59658,
    "茂名": 59659,
    "阳江": 59663,
    "海口": 59758,
    "三亚": 59948,
    "西沙": 59981
}

调用接口

找到了接口，接下来就是使用了。返回的数据是个很简单的JSON。格式如下所示

{
  "msg": "success",
  "code": 0,
  "data": {
    "location": {
      "id": "56294",
      "name": "成都",
      "path": "中国, 四川, 成都"
    },
    "now": {
      "precipitation": 0,
      "temperature": 21.1,
      "pressure": 955,
      "humidity": 74,
      "windDirection": "西南风",
      "windDirectionDegree": 211,
      "windSpeed": 0.8,
      "windScale": "微风"
    },
    "alarm": [],
    "lastUpdate": "2022/09/25 12:10"
  }
}

然后调用并解析该JSON格式的数据。

import requests
from city_code import city_code

api = "https://weather.cma.cn/api/now/"


def get_weather(city):
    for key in city_code:
        if city == key:
            url = api + str(city_code[key])
            req = requests.get(url)
            # 解析数据
            data = req.json()
            # 地区
            loc = data['data']['location']['path']
            # 风向
            windDirection = data['data']['now']['windDirection']
            # 风向度
            windDirectionDegree = str(data['data']['now']['windDirectionDegree'])
            # 风速
            windSpeed = str(data['data']['now']['windSpeed'])
            # 风力等级
            windScale = str(data['data']['now']['windScale'])
            # 温度
            temperature = str(data['data']['now']['temperature'])
            # 气压
            pressure = str(data['data']['now']['pressure'])
            # 湿度
            humidity = str(data['data']['now']['humidity'])
            weather = {
                "地区": loc,
                "温度": temperature,
                "风向": windDirection,
                "风向度": windDirectionDegree,
                "风力等级": windScale,
                "风速": windSpeed,
                "湿度": humidity,
                "气压": pressure
            }
            # 返回数据
            return weather
        else:
            continue
    return 0

最后的封装就非常简单了，可以直接看仓库的源代码。

仓库地址

https://github.com/cSuk1/QQtranslateBot

给QQ机器人增加天气播报功能

数据接口

寻找接口

调用接口